Stuff to think about when you study Ch. 12 - The Heart

1. What are the mediastinum, pericardial membrane, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium and serous fluid?

2. Name the 4 chambers of the heart and what are myocardium and endocardium?
Why is it important that the endocardium be smooth?

3. Be able to name and locate the following vessels: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, aorta.

4. Be able to name and locate the following valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve.  Also, what are the chordae tendineae?

5. What are the first branches off the aorta and why?
What is ischemia and infarct.
What is a myocardial infarction and what causes it?

6. What is the cardiac cycle, what happens during systole, during diastole?

7. What causes the lubdub of the heart sounds, what is stenosis, what causes a heart murmur?

8. What is the pacemaker, the SA node, the AV node, trace the path of heart electrical impulse from SA to AV to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers.

9. What is the effect of aging on the heart?

10. Here are some other terms you should be familiar with: normal heart rate,  pulse, arrhythmia, palpitations, fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, medulla, pressoreceptors, chemoreceptors, the aortic and carotid areas that are involved in regulation of heart rate.