Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Chapter Study Guide
Chapter 7 - The Skeleton

After completing this chapter, you should have mastered the objectives listed below. We will support this chapter with Lab Exercises. You will have a lab bone test and will have to identify actual bones.

1. Overview

· Describe the four different components of the skeleton.

· Tell how many named bones are in the human skeleton
2. The Axial Skeleton:

· name and identify the bones that comprise the axial skeleton

· name and identify the 8 bones of the cranium

· name and identify the sella turcica/ what fits in this "saddle"

· name and identify the crista galli and cribriform plate/ functions?

· name and identify the 14 facial bones

· name and identify the mandibular foramina.  What are foramina? Describe how dentists make use of them.

· locate the mandibular notch

· define sutures and tell where they are found

· name and identify the major sutures of the skull

· discuss the locations and functions of paranasal sinuses

· explain the meaning of "paranasal"

· compare paranasal sinuses to mastoid sinuses as to location and function

· explain what is mastoiditis and why this condition is of medical concern? Tell the meaning of "-itis"

· identify the keystone bone of the cranium and explain why it is called a keystone bone

· identify the keystone bone of the face and explain why it is called a keystone bone

· list the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.

· name and identify the foramen magnum and occipital condyles; explain their functions

· identify the styloid process and its function

· name and identify the hyoid bone; tell its location and function

· name and identify the atlas and axis cervical vertebrae;
    describe how they articulate with each other and with the skull

· identify the odontoid process and its function

· identify and differentiate between thoracic, lumbar and cervical vertebrae

· name and identify the normal curvatures of the vertebral column

· discuss three types of abnormal spinal curvatures

· name and identify the 5 major sections of the vertebral column.
    tell how many vertebrae are found in each section?

· discuss the structure and functions of intervertebral discs

· describe herniated discs and their treatment

· vertebrae - name and identify the centrum, vertebral foramen, spinous process, intervertebral foramina

· describe how vertebrae articulate with one another

· identify the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments as to function and location

· identify the bony thorax and its components

· identify the true, false and floating ribs - tell how many of each

· identify the sternum and its three anatomical landmarks (and how they are useful)

· examine "Harvey" to see how ribs articulate with the sternum and vertebrae
3. The Appendicular Skeleton:

· name and identify the bones that comprise the appendicular skeleton

· name and identify two bones that make up the two pectoral girdles

· describe the major function of the shoulder girdle

· name and identify the bones that comprise the upper limbs, including the 8 carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges

· describe carpal tunnel syndrome

· locate and identify a phalanx, a pollex

· name and identify two bones that make up the pelvic girdle

· name and identify the general locations of the 3 fused bones that comprise each coxal bone

· describe the major function of the pelvic girdle

· identify 3 ways by which male and female pelves differ

· describe how the female pelvis is adapted to childbearing

· name and identify all the bones that comprise the lower limbs, including the 7 tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges

· locate and identify a hallux

· describe the structure and functions of the arches of the foot

· describe fallen arches and explain why they occur

· define "trochanter" and tell where you would find it

· identify condyles and the longest bones where they are found

· differentiate between tuberosity and tubercle and find them on some long bones

· name the processes and bones that create your medial and lateral ankle and wrist "bumps"

4. Do the Multiple Choice/Matching and Short Answer Essay Questions at the end of the chapter.

5. Visit the Anatomy and Physiology Place.

I will rely on lectures, lab and any or all of the above material when testing on this chapter.

Don't give up.  Practice, practice, practice  --that's how we all learn it.
            Lab will be a big help on this one.

******* Optional - check the video list for relevant videos on reserve at the GHC Library.

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