Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Chapter Study Guide
Chapter 10 - Muscle Systems
After completing these chapters, you should have mastered the objectives listed below.
1. First, focus on pages 285 - 287. The
interest here is to understand muscle interactions and mechanics and
also how they are named.
· Explain
what is meant by the statement that muscles can only "pull," never
"push." Differentiate between an origin and an insertion.
· Explain
the functions of prime movers or agonists, antagonists, synergists and fixators
and how each contributes to normal muscle functioning.
· List and
define the criteria used in naming muscles. Give an example of the use of each
criteria.
· Define
fascicles and describe the common patterns of fascicle arrangements. Tell which
kind would shorten the most and which kind would be most powerful and
why. (Study figure 10.1.)
· Define
a lever and explain how a lever working at a mechanical advantage differs from
one operating at a mechanical disadvantage. (This information is summarized in
figure 10.2)
· Define the effort, fulcrum and load as they apply to
muscle systems. Describe first-, second- and third- class lever systems and the
arrangement of the effort, fulcrum and load in each. Name a tool and a body
arrangement that demonstrates each. Explain would be the fastest lever and why.
(This information is summarized in figure 10.3.)
· Name the
muscles found in the fingers (on the phalanges, not muscles of the palm.)
What makes the phalanges move?
2. Regarding the Multiple Choice/Matching at the end of the chapter - focus on what supports this assignment.
3. Regarding the Anatomy and Physiology Place CD - focus on what supports this assignment.
I will rely on lectures, lab and any or all of the above material when testing on this chapter.
Optional - check the video list for relevant videos on reserve at the GHC Library.
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Lab test: Naming the muscles
Focus will be on the superficial body muscles named in the drawings on pages 291 & 293 of your textbook. Although it is not a muscle, include the calcaneal tendon in your list.
In lab, testing will be on the muscle models. See your class calendar for scheduling of the lab test.