BIOL. 209 Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Chapter Study Guide
Chapter 13 – The PNS and Reflex
Activity
After completing this chapter, you should have mastered the objectives listed below:
Part 1: Sensory
Receptors and Sensation
1. Differentiate between sensation and perception.
2. List the three levels of neural integration in sensory systems.
3. Summarize processing at the receptor level. (Focus on words in bold and italic print.) You can think of generator potentials and receptor potentials as the same and do not have to deal with circumstances where the receptor is a separate cell. Also, you do not have to memorize phasic and tonic receptors.
4. Summarize processing at the circuit level. (Focus on words in bold and italic print.)
5. Summarize processing at the perceptual level. (Focus on words in bold and italic print.)
6. Track your understanding of the three levels by discussing how you would reach into you pocket and (without looking) distinguish between your house keys and your car keys.
7. Classify sensory receptors according to the type of stimulus they detect.
8. Classify sensory receptors according to their location in the body.
9. Differentiate between free dendritic endings and encapsulated dendritic endings.
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We will not include the eye or the ear (pg. 445 to 480) at this time.
Skip to pg. 481, Part 2, Transmission Lines.... to continue the
chapter. We will return to the Special Senses later and focus
on vision. We will not be doing the material on the ear.
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Part 2: Transmission Lines: Nerves and
their Structure and Repair
10. Compare nerves to ganglia.
· Describe the structure of a nerve.
· Define and differentiate between the following: motor and sensory; afferent and efferent; mixed; spinal and cranial; somatic and visceral.
· Describe where you would find the ganglia of afferent nerve fibers.
11. Briefly describe the process of nerve regeneration.
· Cite the special role of Schwann cells in the PNS and compare regeneration in the PNS to regeneration in the CNS.
12. Name the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and describe the body region and structures innervated by each.
13. Describe the general features of spinal nerves.
Include the distribution of spinal nerves and how they are named.
· Describe how spinal nerves attach to the
spinal cord and differentiate between the contents of the dorsal and ventral
roots.
· Make a labeled drawing showing the arrangement of the roots and the dorsal root ganglia.
14. Differentiate between spinal roots and rami. Describe the general distribution of the ventral and dorsal rami.
15. Define plexus
· Name the major plexuses and give a general description of what part of the body each innervates.
· List the main nerves of each plexus.
· Name the nerve, the plexus it is part of and its involvement with the following: homeostatic imbalances: hiccups, wrist slashing, the "funny bone," Saturday night paralysis, clawhand, compression by a herniated disc, foot drop and sciatica.
16. Explain Hilton's law of joint innervation.
17. Briefly describe dermatomes and tell how they could be used to discover spinal nerve damage.
Part 3: Motor Endings
and Motor Activity
18. Compare and contrast the motor endings of somatic and autonomic nerve fibers.
19. List and briefly define the three levels of motor control.
20. Briefly compare the roles of the cerebellum and basal nuclei in controlling motor activity.
Part 4: Reflex Activity
21. Define reflex and describe the elements of a reflex arc.
· Differentiate between autonomic and somatic reflexes.
· Compare and contrast stretch, flexor and crossed extensor reflexes.
· Apply the terms ipsilateral and contralateral.
22. The diagrams in this chapter are especially useful. Review all the diagrams and be sure that you can interpret the material.
23. The A&P Place: review appropriate material.
24. View the two Human Cadaver Dissection Series Videos! again. The information about the cranial nerves and spinal plexuses will be very helpful and make more sense now.
I will rely on lectures, labs and any or all of the above material when testing on this chapter.